Install Nvidia GPU on Proxmox K3s LXC

This guide pertains to installing Nvidia drivers on K3s running on a privileged LXC. Make sure that you install the same Nvidia driver version on the LXC that you installed on the Proxmox (PVE) host.

Installing Nvidia Drivers on the Proxmox Host

Make note of the driver version you install as you'll need to install the same version later on the K3s LXC. Use the following instructions to install the Nvidia driver on your Proxmox host (Proxmox official docs):

echo "blacklist nouveau" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

apt update
apt install dkms libc6-dev proxmox-default-headers --no-install-recommends

wget -O NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.120.run https://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/550.120/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.120.run
chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.120.run
./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.120.run --no-nouveau-check --dkms

You must also add the following udev rules to create the Nvidia devices on the Proxmox host:

cat << EOF > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-nvidia.rules
KERNEL=="nvidia", RUN+="/bin/bash -c '/usr/bin/nvidia-smi -L && /bin/chmod 666 /dev/nvidia*'"
KERNEL=="nvidia_uvm", RUN+="/bin/bash -c '/usr/bin/nvidia-modprobe -c0 -u && /bin/chmod 0666 /dev/nvidia-uvm*'"
EOF

Reboot your Proxmox host to load the Nvidia driver and create the udev devices.

Configuring the LXC

Once the driver is loaded and the Nvidia devices exist you need to obtain their major device numbers. Run the following on the Proxmox host to get your numbers. In my case they are 195 and 236:

root@pve-media:~# ls -la /dev/nvid*                                                                                                                                                                                       
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195,   0 Sep 27 19:40 /dev/nvidia0
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195, 255 Sep 27 19:40 /dev/nvidiactl
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 236,   0 Sep 27 19:40 /dev/nvidia-uvm
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 236,   1 Sep 27 19:40 /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools

/dev/nvidia-caps:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     80 Sep 27 19:40 .
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root   5060 Sep 27 20:08 ..
cr--------  1 root root 239, 1 Sep 27 19:40 nvidia-cap1
cr--r--r--  1 root root 239, 2 Sep 27 19:40 nvidia-cap2

Next you must add to following to the LXC config changing your device numbers as needed:

Edit: /etc/pve/lxc/<lxc_id>.conf

Add:

mp1: /usr/lib/modules,mp=/usr/lib/modules
lxc.cgroup2.devices.allow: c 195:* rw
lxc.cgroup2.devices.allow: c 236:* rw
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/nvidia0 dev/nvidia0 none bind,optional,create=file
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/nvidiactl dev/nvidiactl none bind,optional,create=file
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/nvidia-uvm dev/nvidia-uvm none bind,optional,create=file
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools dev/nvidia-uvm-tools none bind,optional,create=file

These lines perform the following for your LXC (in order):

Mount host kernel headers so gpu-operator helm chart on K3s can build the Nvidia drivers
Create cgroup2 allowist entries for the major device numbers of the Nvidia devices
Passthrough Nvidia devices to LXC

References

https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/NVIDIA_vGPU_on_Proxmox_VE#Preparation https://github.com/UntouchedWagons/K3S-NVidia https://theorangeone.net/posts/lxc-nvidia-gpu-passthrough/ https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/sharing-gpu-to-lxc-container-failed-to-initialize-nvml-unknown-error.98905/